SME-SFI 学术讲座预告 20250915 - 20250919

农业生产率差距的动态演化：

基于开放经济的视角

The Dynamics of Agricultural Productivity Gaps: An Open-Economy Perspective

讲座信息

主讲人

马啸教授

北京大学

日期和时间

2025年9月19日（周五）

10:30-12:00

地点

综合教学楼D904会议室

讲座概述

Agricultural productivity gaps have persisted over the last three decades and have even widened in major economies like China and India, despite global decreases in agricultural employment. This paper takes an open-economy perspective on these patterns, arguing that increases in comparative advantage in non-agricultural activities can lead to growing gaps in sectoral value added per worker in general equilibrium in spite of worker reallocation out of agriculture. We formalize this idea in a quantitative multi-sector model with imperfect mobility of labor across sectors, frictional international trade, and uneven growth of relative prices and real productivity levels across countries and sectors. We estimate the model to match time series patterns of exports by sector and country, among other statistics, which help discipline the model’s real sectoral productivity growth rates. Quantitatively, the model does well in accounting for the dynamics of productivity gaps across countries. Consistent with the model’s predictions, previous exports by sector are strong predictors of agricultural productivity gaps in the current cross-section of countries, in line with the view that the gaps reflect real economic factors rather than mis-measurement.

主讲人简介

马啸教授

北京大学

马啸于2021年获加州大学圣地亚哥分校经济学博士学位，现任北京大学汇丰商学院助理教授。其主要研究领域包括国际贸易、宏观经济学和经济发展，相关成果发表于 《American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics》、《International Economic Review》、《Journal of International Economics》、《Journal of Political Economy Macroeconomics》 及 《Review of Economics and Statistics》等学术期刊。他曾获国家自然科学基金青年基金B类项目（原国家优秀青年科学基金项目）资助及世界贸易组织青年经济学家论文奖。